Comparison

HELM vs audit logs

Audit logs describe what happened after the fact. HELM fails closed before the action and leaves a receipt.

Audit logs

Where it helps

Investigation, chronology, and operational reconstruction.

Boundary

Where it stops

A log line usually does not prove the action was authorized before it happened.

HELM

What changes

HELM returns ALLOW, DENY, or ESCALATE before dispatch, then signs the result.

Does the artifact prove authorization, policy, actor, and effect, or only timestamp traffic?